Integrative Cardiology by Massimo Fioranelli

Integrative Cardiology by Massimo Fioranelli

Author:Massimo Fioranelli
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham


Fig. 11.2Cytokines from immune cells activated (i.e., macrophage) reach the brain via the blood and the vagus nerve. Via the blood they reach the blood–brain barrier-free circumventricular organs (CVO) and elicit a second messenger (prostaglandins, nitric oxide) in blood–brain barrier too; via the vagus nerve they reach the nucleus tractus solitarius, the brain stem integration centre

Fig. 11.3The discovery of the lymphatic vessel [16] shows a new bidirectional pathway from the brain to the immune system



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